Spokes 1: Table of Contents

Spokes 1: The Science of Existence Table of Contents680 pages {Notes}

The Science of Existence (title page)

The Universe
Beginning
  The Big Bang
   History
   Story
    Conceptual Expansion
  Cosmic Inflation
  Origination Date
  Cyclic Cosmology
The Standard Model
  Dark Matter
  Dark Energy
  Light Matter’s Modest Missing Half
  Too Bright
Scale-Invariant Cosmology
   The Standard Model continued
Cosmic Matter
  Dust
  Galaxies
   Galaxy Classification
   Astrophysics History
    Black-Body Radiation
   Black Holes
   Quasars
   Galaxy Dynamics
   The Milky Way
   Galactic Webs
    Large Quasar Groups
  Uniformity
   Cosmological Principle
Stars
   Fusion
   Massive Stars
   Neutron &Quark Stars
   Hypernovae
Planets
   Starless Planets
The Solar System
    History
     Emanuel Swedenborg
   The Milky Way continued
  The Sun
  The Planets
     Titan
     Europa
  Planets continued
Earth
    Dechlorination
  The Moon
   Life Under the Moon
  Final Formation
   Tilt & Spin
   Water Supply
  Structure
   Core
   Earth’s Magnetic Field
    Van Allen Belts
    Polarity Reversal
   Mantle
   Crust
    Mantle continued
   Day Length
The End
Synopsis

Physics
History
     Isaac Newton
     Benjamin Thompson & Infinite Energy
  Energy
  Laws of Thermodynamics
   1st Law: Conservation of Energy
    Conservation Contravened
    Vacuum Genesis
   2nd Law: Theremalization & Entropy
    Thermalization Thwarted
   3rd Law: Maximum Entropy
   0th Law: Temperature
    So Bitter Cold That It’s Hot
   Conservation Laws Fictional
  From Classical to Modern Physics
Toolkit
  The Inscrutability of Infinity
  Fields
  The Imaginary Complexity of Reality
  Transmission Optimality
   Physics History continued
   Albert Einstein
   Mass-Energy Equivalence
    Albert Einstein continued
  Light Speed
  The Horizon Problem
Relativity
  Special Relativity
     Gold
   Special Relativity continued
  General Relativity
   Mass
   General Relativity continued
     William Kingdon Clifford
Time
   Zeno Effect
   Time continued
Matryoshka Reality
     Matryoshka Dolls
   History
    Brownian Motion
   Matryoshka Reality continued 1
  Quantum Mechanics
   Uncertainty
    Pilot Wave Theory
   Matryoshka Reality continued 2
   The Standard Model
    Fermions & Bosons
     Particle Demolition Derby
     Neutrinos
     Higgs Boson
     Graviton
    Particle Properties
     Mass
      The Hierarchy Problem
     Color Charge
     Spin
    Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
    Ghost Fields
    Supersymmetry
   Antimatter
    Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry
    CP Violation
   Forces
   Nuclear Forces
   Electromagnetism
    Magnetism
    Lorentz Symmetry
    Fermions continued
   Gravity
    Quantum Gravity
   Quantum Superposition
   Nonlocality
    Bose-Einstein Condensate
   Solitons
   The Ground State
    The Dance of Spacetime
    Virtuality
   Quasiparticles
    Ettore Majorana
    Majorana Fermion
    Plasmons
    Phonons
    Magnons
    Polarons
    Excitons
    Quasiparticles Forever
  String Theory
   History
    Stringy Liquids
   Planck Units
   Entanglement
    Entanglement Out of Time
  The Information Paradigm
   Information Theory
   The Holographic Principle
    Aether
   Entropy
   Unity
    Gravity & Thermodynamics
    Entanglement
  Holistic Dimensionality
   3D
  Theory of Everything
   Wormhole Entanglement
  Matryoshka Transition
   Superconductivity Seam
   Matryoshka Transition continued 2
Paradigms
  Systems
  Causality
  Constructal Law
  Gyres
  Self-Organized Criticality
  Symmetry
Synopsis
   Physics Paradigms
   The Nature of Physics
   Astrophysics
   Particle Physics
   Theory of Everything

Chemistry
History
     Antoine Laurent Lavoisier
Atoms
  Protons
  Neutrons
  Nuclear Clusters
   Magic Nuclei
    Eternal Element
   Elements continued
  Periodic Table of Elements
  Electrons
   Ions
   Shells
    The Atomic Void
   Conductivity
    Bad Metals
    Superconductivity
     Fractal Superconductivity
     Superinsulators
  Radiation
   Electromagnetic Radiation
    Electromagnetic Spectrum
    Ultraviolet
    X-Rays
     William Rontgen
     Pedoscopes
    Gamma Rays
   Particulate Radiation
     Earth’s Age Via Isotope
   Radiation Exposure
   Cosmic Radiation
   Earthbound Radiation
     Watch That Dial
Molecules
  Bonding
   Valence
    Hydrogen
   Electron Shells
   Covalent Bonds
    Bond Orders
   Ionic Bonds
   Hydrogen Bonds
   Bonds Beyond
   HD Harmonically Bound
  Molecular Geometry
   Lone Pairs
   Polarity
  Phases
   Triple Point
   Wettability
   Superfluidity
   Supersolids
   Energy Transitions
  Catalysts & Enzymes
   Catalysts
   Enzymes
     Humble Agent
    Pseudoenzymes
  Water
   History
   Properties
    Water & Life
    Polarity
    Bonding
    Surface Tension
    Solvency
   Forms
    Atomic Forms
     Isomers
     Isotopes
    Molecular Forms
   Phases
    Freezing
    Ice
    Evaporation
   Organic Role
   Fear of Water
   Water Memory
Organic Chemistry
   Functional Groups
   pH
    Neutralization
  Carbon
   Atmospheric Carbon
   Photosynthesis
   Hydrocarbons
   Lipids
    Fats
   Carbon Cycle
    History
    In the Ocean
    Seagrass Meadows
    On Land
  Nitrogen
   Fixing Nitrogen
   Nitrogen Cycle
     Fritz Haber
  Oxygen
   Molecular Forms
   Oxygen Toxicity
   Discovery of Oxygen
     Apollo 1
   Atmospheric Oxygen
  Proteins
     Cell Size
   Protein Folding
   Protein Regulation
   Generalists & Specialists
    Pain
   Proteins continued
   Amino Acids
Synopsis – Matter
   Synopsis – Chemistry
   Synopsis – Organic Chemistry
    Synopsis – Proteins

Life Begins
Origin on Earth
  Geology
     Cool Life
     Pond Spawn
   Extremophiles
  Chemistry
   Phosphorylation
   Origin of Life continued
   Sugar
   Chirality
  Abiogenesis
   RNA World
    Viral Analogy
    RNA
    Precursors
    RNA World continued
   Pyrite Life
   Protocells
    L-Form
   Cell Origination continued
   Biomolecular Evolution
   Water World
    Archaea
   Panspermia
    Life From Mars
   Abiogenesis continued
   Data At The Dawn Of Life
   Life Cohering
  Life Rising
   Microbes Everywhere
   Common Ancestor
Life Elsewhere
Synopsis

Cells
Prokaryotes
Cells continued 1
Eukaryotes
  Organelles
   Mitochondria
   Nucleus
   Endoplasmic Reticulum
   Ribosomes
   Golgi Body
  Plasma Membrane
  Cytoplasm
   Cytoskeleton
   Cells continued 2
  Cell Wall
  Tails
     Spirochetes
    Flagella
     Paramecia
   Tails continued
  Hygiene
  Apoptosis
The Evolution of Eukaryotes
     Colonial Choanoflagellates
   The Evolution of Eukaryotes continued
     Metamonads
   Eukaryotic Uplift
Eukaryotic Cell Types
Organized Activity
  Communication
   Extracellular Matrices
  Movement
   Healing
   Cells continued 3
   Push & Shove
  Self-Organization
Longevity
   Nuclear Pore Complexes
Cell Division
  Mitosis
  Meiosis
Transport In & Out
  Endocytosis
  Exocytosis
Metabolism
  Redox
   Electron Transport Chains
  ATP
  Respiration
  Biosynthesis
  Metabolic Pathways
Cell Intelligence
   Healing
   Cells continued 4
     Cancer
Synopsis

Genetics
Nucleic Acids
  Deciphering DNA
  Chemical Composition
   DNA–RNA Differences
    Unlettered Nucleobases
  DNA Folding
     Recognizing Foreign DNA
   DNA Folding continued
   DNA Knots
Genes
  Genetic Coding
  Codons & Cistrons
   Genetic Variations
   DNA & RNA
     Gregor Mendel
   Supergenes
   Expression & Regulation
     Sea Lampreys
    Gene Expression
    Transcription
    Introns
    Translation
     Actin
     Coleoids
   Quality Control
   Prokaryotic Adaptive Immunity
  Genomes
Genophores & Chromosomes
  Genophores
   Genetic Exchange
  Chromosomes
   Life Cycle
   Ploidy
   Telomeres
    G-Quadruplexes
   Comparative Chromosomes
   Genic Content
     Bladderwort
    Replication Accuracy
   Sex Chromosomes
Alternation of Generations
  Animals
  Plants
  Fungi, Slime Molds, Algae
  Benefits
  Genetic Complexity
Epigenetics
  Genetic Evolution
  Junk Debunked
   Epialleles
  Mechanisms
   Methylation
     Breeding Urges
    Methylation continued 1
     Honeybee Memories
     Seeds & Embryos
     Methylation Variation
    Methylation continued 2
   Histone Alteration
     Rite of Spring
   RNA Regulation
    microRNA
    X Inactivation
     Marsupial X Inactivation
   Protein Post-Production
   Allostery
   Epigenetic Modifications continued
  Epigenome
     Wood Work
   Epigenomes continued
  Lifestyle Epigenetics
   Cancer
  Comparative Epigenetics
  Plant Epigenetics
Genomic Protection
   Transposons
    Piwi-interacting RNA
    Genomic Protection continued
    Endogenous Retroviruses
The Genetics of Behavior
     Mice Digs
Gene Editing
Synopsis

Conclusion
   Conclusion – Physics
   Conclusion – Chemistry
   Conclusion – Life

Glossary
People
Index